The Yakima (“Yakama” as of 1993) and many tribes of the American prairies used tepees. They are easily dismantled and moved for those who follow migrating animals. The Sámi people who live in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Murmansk area of Russia use tepees, easily deconstructed, and sledded behind horses and reindeer. Tepees are associated with family and clan movement and are found around the world. In
North America (until 1492) sledding of tepees was difficult because of the lack of suitable beasts of burden. Horses once existed but became extinct (as did many other large animal species with the advent of man) 10,000 years ago. The Utes most likely brought horses to the Northwest. The Yakama traded for a few older, gentle horses in the 1700s. It takes 20 years to build a herd as wild horses may breed each Spring starting at age 2, and over a lifetime give birth to 20 foals. In took but 200 years for large wild western herds to be created and the “math of life” allows populations to grow to the maximum of their food sources. The US Army, to control Indigenous Peoples movements, systematically killed their horses; 800 Palouse ponies in 1 day in 1858. Saunas, longhouses, tepees, horses, bows/arrows, and spears are a few of the many similarities of these peoples of different lands. Speaking of spears, during the 1850s as
Governor Stevens was “herding” the Indians onto reservations, he made a standard, boilerplate covenant in his treaties for the “right of taking fish at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations …” The Yakama people had engaged in ceremonial, subsistence, and commercial fishing for salmon, steelhead, and sturgeon in the Columbia River and its tributaries for 1,000s of years, on land that was being then ceded to the United States (in Washington State 28% still owned Federally). This right to fish in their former territory is protected by treaties re-affirmed in late 20th-century court cases: United States v. Washington (Boldt Decision, 1974) and United States v. Oregon (Sohappy v. Smith, 1969). Many citizens in WA today blame Judge Boldt for his decision, but he probably looked at it as doing his job. The use of the spear is also ubiquitous. He was upholding the Law of Contracts and might have thought of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, “Hoisted on one’s own petard.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohappy_v._Smith
https://medium.com/@emegliovivere/the-sami-and-i-part-2-2f06855dbef9
http://www.plc215.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Yakama-Sami.pdf
https://www.historylink.org/File/5142#:~:text=On%20September%208%2C%201858%2C%20U.S.,lodges%20and%20storehouses%20of%20grain
https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/ancient-horse.htm#:~:text=Equus%20scotti%20was%20one%20of,extinct%20by%2010%2C000%20years%20ago
https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/In-a-Word/2021/0927/The-explosive-origin-of-hoist-by-one-s-own-petard#:~:text=William%20Shakespeare%20gets%20the%20credit,with%20his%20own%20petard.%E2%80%9D%20Hamlet
https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/unintended-consequences-boldt-decision#:~:text=In%20his%201974%20ruling%2C%20Boldt,Supreme%20Court%20upheld%20this%20decision.
How many tribal entities are covered by the Bolt Decision that gave Native Indigenous the rights to 50% of their territorial salmon?
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