Polish immigrants flooded America between 1820 and 1914, over 2 million in all. Their history is so complex and interesting that James Michener wrote a novel, Poland. An enjoyable discussion within – in the late 1700s, torn by governance issues (~90 barons, each with a veto), it dissolved voluntarily with Austria, Germany and Russia subdividing. Poland was
reestablished only after WW I. The point being that the 2 million people cited above immigrated from a country that did not exist with Germany and Russia prohibiting education, language, and traditions in their claimed areas. Austria did not, but that said one of the reasons they lost the next war (WW I) was that an Austrian officer might command troops that spoke 10 different languages and did not understand his orders (language) at all … a similar issue for the native indigenous of Cascadia. Poles gravitated to firefighting in America (even today) and in the West, the name “Pulaski” lives on with the axe, pictured along with Poland’s national bird, the White-Tailed Eagle … so much like America’s Bald Eagle. If the Earth’s weather continues to warm (see the URL below), we will need many more firefighters and many more Pulaski axes. And one wonders what is happening to all the birds, including the eagles.
https://www.thecooldown.com/outdoors/birds-population-decline-north-america/
https://medium.com/@ccdecou/big-blow-up-fire-1910-history-of-science-ffa6265ce4f4
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66314074
https://www.yahoo.com/news/officials-examine-water-temperature-off-131703406.html
https://www.yahoo.com/news/world-scientists-warn-massive-impacts-190000955.html
https://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Polish-Americans.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Polish_noble_families_with_the_title_of_Baron
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/burn-pulaski/
https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5444775.pdf
Poland has a unique history in that it voted to:
dissolve
not go to war
ban the use of fire
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